Interview # 7 Transcript - Jerry Katz on Nonduality

Jerry Katz: Hello everybody. This is CKDU 88.1 in Halifax, Nova Scotia or CKDU online. This is the community radio station of Dalhousie University and your listening to the Nonduality talk on September 23, 2015. I’m Jerry Katz.

We are live today. Live is always scary - guys I don't about you guys. Joining me in the studio are two local gentleman from Dartmouth Nova Scotia Lloyd Dickey. Hi Lloyd.

Lloyd Dickie: Hi.

Jerry: Nice to have you here. And Paul Boudreau. Welcome back Paul.

Paul Boudreau: Thank you. It is great to be back.

Jerry: We did an interview together in June.

Lloyd and Paul are co-authors of great book “Awakening Higher Consciousness Guidance From Ancient Egypt and Sumer”. And their website is awhico.com.

The topics I think we're going getting today are mythology, ancient cultures, ecology, the Gurdjieff Work, self-realization, world travel, archaeology. Can we possibly cover all of that? I don't know. There is a lot going on in.

Lloyd Dickey is a retired ecologist former professor of oceanography here at Dalhousie and Lloyd studied ancient Egypt for more than 40 years explored many active sites contributing significantly to their understanding and also Professor Dickey has a doctorate from University of Toronto and a Masters degree from Yale University. Paul Boudreau has a Masters from Dalhousie and explored fisheries ecology as a career in ancient myths and ancient sites have captured Paul's imagination since childhood. Even before the show we were talking about – don’t let me forget about that – Gobekli Tepe. We want to get into some of that.

Paul: Yes, Gobekli Tepe - some of the very recent finds archaeologically.

Jerry: And we want to talk about spirituality compared to  - well you’ll explain it later. So don’t anyone let me forget.

So welcome to you both. Welcome Lloyd great to have you and welcome Paul.

Now somehow have to start this. Thinking what we can do today is just an attempt at a connection. Maybe connect ancient civilizations with regard to the experience of higher consciousness like the sense of higher consciousness, urge toward knowing it, the experience of higher consciousness. The sharing of it, the expression of it. We can look at how this higher consciousness has been expressed in myths and even what's being uncovered archaeological like Paul what you were alluding to and maybe talk about a practice that opens us to higher consciousness namely the Gurdjieff Work that Lloyd is involved. And somehow we are going to weave all this together. So are you guys ready to give this a try?

Paul: Yes I think so.

Lloyd: I’ll do my best.

Paul: We were talking yesterday, Lloyd and I, about our desire to get back to – I think you used the word origin Lloyd – that is at the bottom of our book in terms of where this concept of higher consciousness arose originally.

Jerry: It brings up a question. How does your book differ from other books on mythology? Where do you think it mainly differs?

Lloyd: I don’t think it is really about mythology. It is really about us. If I can say that? It is really an exploration of what are the finer perceptions that we can have. Well I don’t know. Paul you can probably fill in something there.

Jerry: I like that right there. Its about when I ask you about how your book differs from other books about mythology, you say that it is not about mythology. It is about us. What a powerful statement!

Lloyd: It is not really about mythology.

Jerry: In the course of your life, your scholarly life, when did you - its a turnaround perspective – when did you realize that mythology is about you?

Lloyd: Well I wonder? Because I was trying to figure out what other people must be getting from this because I couldn't understand why it seemed so strange to everybody else. I grew up trying to say ‘How did I think of that?’ And I didn't know. I didn’t have an answer to that. It took quite some time before I before actually discovered, that I really felt this much more when I went to Egypt, more than anywhere else I have ever been. I've traveled a fair amount in both North and South America and parts of Asia. But a turning point came when I visited in Nepal. I went up to some of those strange places there and I realize that this is a whole experience that I've never had before. I don't know what I'm expecting but I did learn a little bit about just sort of living it and seeing what's going on.

Jerry: Living it - what do you mean? You say you learned about living it. Do you mean the immersion in the environment?

Lloyd: I really mean to try to feel emotionally what was going on in me. And to relate that to whatever I was seeing. Did it come from that or does it come from my imagination.

Jerry: This time in Nepal – what time of your life was that? How old were you?

Lloyd: It was in 1985 or something like that. So whatever I was. I was over 40 by that time.

Jerry: 30 years ago doesn’t seem like a long time in a long time. 1985 doesn’t seem like a long time. When you say its 30 years it sounds like a long time.

Paul: Well truth be told, you've told me about that same emotion when you're in Machu Picchu, when we were at Stonehenge, when we were in Egypt. Its something that you’ve explored in many places around the world not just in Nepal.

Lloyd: Well it always comes up the same thing.

Paul: Yeah.

Jerry: It always comes up to an experience of emotion. The investigation of it. The curiosity of it.

Lloyd: How do I experience an emotion? Well we know that it is different than thought. And we know that it is different than sensation. And yet we somehow or other feel something in us.  And I think it was a question about ‘what is this?’ ‘what's going on?’

Jerry: What did you feel? What emotion were you experiencing? And Paul said that you felt everywhere you guys travel together. I don’t know. Pick one and about it. Or they ultimately the same? Talk about that please if you will Lloyd.

Lloyd: Yeah, I can't really describe it better that I don't think. I say its something that I never recognize before except when as a kid in dreams or something like that. So it has that ephemeral quality about it as though there was something there to be discovered and yet I couldn't really put a finger on something.

And I suppose that same kind of feeling probably got me into the Gurdjieff Work because what he said is that you’ve got to know your self always and everywhere and what on earth does that mean?

Jerry: I don’t know but it sounds like it applies to your life.  You travelled here and there and everywhere. You have to know yourself. There is certainly a connection there that is apparent.

Lloyd: I think that is why I did travel a lot. I was really searching for an object – well myself is.

Paul: Searching for myself. That captures it.

Lloyd: Well what else can we say?

Jerry: That’s a relief to me. You have to book a mythology. I've been schooled, educated and all that stuff and I’ve never honestly been drawn to myths.  But I respect the literary aspect and their power. I understand the power, the importance and the significance. But I’ve never had a natural drawing to it. So I’m glad you get me off the hook a little bit by saying that the book is about you, it isn’t about mythology. Whew!

Lloyd: It's not really it's really not but anything else but us.

Jerry: Is that true for everything else that we come in contact with?

Is that when you say it's about us? The myths and the mythologies are about us?

Lloyd: That's what I was trying to say.

Jerry:  Is that true for just about anything that we encounter, any stimulus that we encounter.

Lloyd: Probably. I would say that we put our stamp on almost anything. The real search is to find what's real for me and what’s not. And I don't know where to go from there for describing it.

Jerry: You said it started even as a kid when you were curious about something, curious about the emotions.

Lloyd: I guess I was curious about everything. My father and my mother finally in desperation bought me a set of the Books of Knowledge.

Jerry: Great! Did you read the whole thing?

Lloyd: Well I don’t know how much I read. I started by thumbing through it looking at pictures. They had a lot of lovely Egyptian pictures in there. And that is probably what woke up my interest in going to Egypt. And well it didn’t just stop there. And sometimes I would have been experience of myself and the person who was with me wouldn't feel anything. But once in a while someone did feel what I said I was feeling. And then we tried to trace this in various places and it turned out that the Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Karnak in Egypt had something special to teach us. So it was a place, it wasn't just imagination.

Paul: And we had the same feeling in the Kings Chamber of the Great Pyramid as well - a connection – exactly the same thing. The reproducibility of the shared emotion is . . .

Jerry: Certainly somebody, in poetry, in myth – someone must have been written to express that emotion somewhere. Have you found anything? Or maybe art or maybe you just have to go to the Hall you mention.  Maybe that's the poetry that describes it. Mabye you’ve got to go there?

Lloyd: Well I always wondered what one could discover about the Sphinx because in those days they didn't have geophysical explorations or anything at all. So you go and you can feel yourself there and feel what it was that seemed to be turning you on but it seemed to be related to a wider universe than just ourselves.

Jerry: How wide universe?

Lloyd: How wide the universe - that's right.

Jerry: Maybe that's the answer?

Paul: The universe is us? One goes in circles?

Jerry: I really appreciate you're telling us that.

Paul: I think in our personal experience and we've worked together for 40 years we’ve sort of took a while to build the confidence to share some of these experiences. ‘Hey you felt that?’ “Yeah, you felt that?’ And we’ve built on that shared experience so that we could work to find a language in the myth.  And a lot of what we put in the book has to do with finding a language to describe these indescribable moments. Find that language in the myths.

Lloyd: Exactly.

Jerry: Do you have an example you can read or something? Or is it too big to just kind of tease apart.

Paul: I couldn’t pull something up. Could you Lloyd?

Lloyd: Well I don't know. We keep on exploring and keep on finding things as Paul says the current thing these days is Gobekli Tepe. It turns out that Gobekli Tepe is several thousand years before the oldest part of Egypt that we ever discuss, describe and seen. So does this mean that man's nature has been of this same type for a very long time.

Paul: For 10,000 years we have been creating images of the sky and of animals.

Jerry: Just tell us what Gobekli Tepe is.  Some people may say what’s that. Some people may be wondering what it is. Just tells with that is.  I have a note here, maybe I should just read it.

Lloyd: Gobkeli Tepe is a fairly high altitude place in western Turkey. And someone, Paul you probably remember better than I, discovered that there were here some intentional building had been done.  So who on earth were people 6000 years before,10,000 years actually before the present era had actually some suggestion that they were looking for things that were the same as we're looking for. Something like that.

Paul: The temples are built of huge megalithic stone, aligned to certain stars in the sky. There was a very strong suggestion that they were actually temples. But they were more than one would need to eat sleep, reproduce, have sex those types of things. This is definitely more than our common view of man. And they were doing a 10,000 years ago. So to even imagine that 10,000 years ago humans we're having these higher thoughts long before, pick something, vaccination all things that we see as necessary for modern day life, these guys were moving big rocks around for what reason? For something higher.

Jerry: In preparation for this I read that Gobekli Tepe is only 5% of it has been excavated and probably even much less is understood. What are the implications where you just said Paul?

Paul: There are a couple things. The first thing is that man at that point was investing huge amounts of energy. They would have to marshal people and food. They would have to marshal society to create something to stargaze - to look beyond themselves. So this whole fiction that ancient man was measly and starving and beating each other over the head with bones comes into question.

Lloyd: It has got to be wrong.

Jerry: It has got to be wrong.

Paul: And so our interest in higher consciousness has a much longer lineage than we’ve ever imagined.  This sort of builds on what we experienced in Egypt which is 5000 years old.

Lloyd: 5000 BCE. Well actually the oldest written stuff there is about 3000 BC.

Paul: So five thousand years. This is significant to us that we weren’t primitive in the sense of just grunting and groaning. We were looking at the stars and viewing stuff.

Jerry: Lloyd, then what are you referring to is that your search, your emotional experiences that you want to explore, like you said it was it was known by the people that Paul is describing. It must have been known.

Lloyd: It must have been known.

Jerry: There is an ancient connector right now. Anyone listening right now who has the sense of a mystery in the universe, mystery of their existence. You look up at the stars and see the infinity. Its real. Its a question. Its absolutely no different than guys hanging around 10,000 years ago. No know different. Not at all.

Lloyd: Yet somehow or other someone began to make sense of it.

Paul: In our book we particularly tackle the literature. We go back to the origins of literature - the very first writings of man. Because we can approach that in a way that is different than stones and stars which are equally important. We found as we look at Samarian and ancient Egyptian, the initial literature of man that we have access to is talking about these very highest aspirations of man. Much like stone work at Gobekli Tepe.  We think it is talking to the highest aspirations of man. The literature we find in the Pyramid Texts is talking about spiritual development. It is not talking about how many ears of corn I grow, it talks about the highest aspirations and how was it that man that long ago with what could be seen as having limited capacity, are struggling to build these huge pyramids with fantastic stories with fantastic carvings inside the pyramid. So all along our history we re-encounter this desire, this striving for the higher whether it is in stone or in text.

Lloyd: Exactly – yeah.

Paul: So you have been in some of the pyramids, such as the Pyramid of Unas and seen the skill at that time.

Lloyd: Oh yeah! And to feel the scale of this is what you do. I mean there is nothing you do you just open yourself to it. Suddenly you have a sense of some great mystery that I'm not understanding.

Paul: But you can sense and feel it. You don’t have to understand it.

Lloyd: You can certainly sense and feel. So it's more than just ordinary thinking, feeling and acting.  Its something that we put together and that's what we call higher consciousness. There is a level of consciousness which we all think we have anyway but what is higher consciousness? It's something that poses a big question. I think it's trying to get closer to what that question is all about that. Well as I say, for me it began to be put into form by running into the Gurdjieff Work.

Jerry: I want to talk about I just want to talk again about the big question. Do you think there has been any progress in 10,000 years as far as the society coming from higher consciousness coming from what we're seeking. You know that vastness because it seems our entire society has been set up to keep us from exploring higher consciousness.

Lloyd: Almost that.

Jerry: Its like we’ve gone backwards in 10,000 years. As what you're describing Paul that was in the forefront - was developing spiritual awareness. In our world today it aint there.  Its there, but its hidden.

What's gone on in 10,000 years?

Lloyd: Yes, what's been going on for all that length of time.  We don’t seem to have changed anything.

Jerry: We still have that urge for higher consciousness and to understand the mystery of existence.

Lloyd: Well we’ve got the word but the consciousness itself is something that each of us has to sell for himself.

Jerry: And so we talk about your experience, are you connect with a deep emotional experience, that you do not feel a need to describe in words, I think that some people can resonate with it. Now someone else may not have that emotional experience, but might have some other type of visceral, mental or spiritual or whatever experience. So each person has to find out for themselves.

Lloyd: That's right.

Jerry: What their kind of touch point is. What their interface is.

Lloyd: Yeah that's exactly right.

Jerry: And no one should imitate you. It is certainly fascinating to hear about you. To here you speak about it. The way you speak you can make a person say ‘Yeah I know what you're saying. You know I don't have the same exact experience but I know what he’s saying in my own way.’ And that's important. That's important communication.

Lloyd: So how do we go beyond that? I suppose that is the burden of our whole exploration.  As Paul says, we went into the pyramids of Egypt. And the greatest mystery is how on earth those could ever have been built. Stones are so big you couldn't lift them and they perhaps had levers, but the best estimates people have made of what they could lift required levers that we're longer than they could make with just ordinary things around. So someone had to - we had to explain something that seems to be totally inexplicable.

Jerry: I’m not forgetting the Gurdjieff Work, but I want to stay on the pyramids again for a second. You guys spend a night like in the Great Pyramid or something.  What was that like? Was it like being in a motel room? Was there maid service? Was there a telephone with the Yellow Pages. What was that like? What was all that about?

Lloyd: Yeah I can hardly remember when I try to put it back into words. There is a feeling of there being more room in any here than I'm used to feeling. If I had stretched out my finger and touch something, but if I stretch out my finger and can’t touch anything - what's happening? Am I just going crazy or is there some other quality that I wasn't thinking about looking for.

Jerry: There was a quality of the space? 

 Lloyd: Yeah I think it is a quality of the space.  Anybody else's put terms on? I don’t know.

Jerry: I don’t know. Paul what was your . . .?

Paul: Again, it's the recurrence of that feeling in many places in the world. But the Kings Chamber had a musical quality that was exceptional. You talk about how you express it with somebody else. Well one thing that we have found in our travels is it generally requires a state of quiet, a state of calm, a breathing.  Whether the Sistine Chapel or Stonehenge if you're with a group of tourists doing what tourists do, chat and take pictures, that often interrupts this flow. But in the King’s Chamber in particular, we happened to be there with no one else. Actually it was just two or three of us and we got sitting one side and then just sensed the space. With the right conditions and the right preparation it was incredibly magical and if you add music to it - how could you not sense that moment. It is a teaching tool, a teaching space in the world. The pyramids are phenomenal.

Were you able to remember the sound that we were able to generate?

Lloyd: Yeah I wish I could remember. There was a kind of resonance that was setup just because the room has particular dimensions. But of course that means only that if you sound a particular note you can usually hear the octave. And so it was a feeling of opening up that was actually associated with that that made quite a big difference.

Paul: An opening up and connectedness. I guess it seemed like everything was just one.

Lloyd: Yeah it doesn't answer anything. What it does is just open more questions.

Jerry: Sure why not.

Lloyd: Which is what it's all about it isn't?

Jerry: I'm asking if there's any expression for what you guys have been experiencing and the inability to express it is its own kind of expression really.

Like Paul was saying you kind off have to be in the silence. Silence maybe the proper response.

Paul: You need some preparation I guess and condition I guess. I don't know if I lived next to the King’s Chamber of the Great Pyramid and I went there every afternoon would it happen. I don't know, but I have been fortunate to have experienced it a couple of times. In some ways we draw allusions to that feeling though our use of the word creation and creation myths. That arising of something out of chaos that in the Christian world we’re all familiar - you know that originally there was chaos. I think that that chaos is in us. These moments these situations this preparation . . .

Lloyd: You know something that there is not just chaos. And know that there's some kind of arrangement that you aren’t responsible for.

Jerry: Well the fact that you can know there is chaos. That knowing can be chaotic.

Lloyd: That's right.

Jerry: There is some hold to it.

Paul: Some basis for it.  So one can see these things better as you go in and out. I don’t think in and out is the right term. We can experience these different states. Maybe that's why it requires travel. One has to get away from our regular routine chaos to  see something.

Lloyd: I think that was the base of everything we tried. Trying to find something that was sort of material compared with this ephemeral feeling that one has. What is it? Where does it come from? Why is it so difficult to understand in our ordinary terms.

We appeal to looking up at the stars saying what is up there? Why this tremendous distance? There's no answer to why. There just is. There is something that one needs to appreciate and I guess we were lead by travel to contact it and try to explore something more about it. And we still come back and say, ‘Well what about me?’

Jerry: I love where this conversation is going. Last time with Paul it was about the myths the Greek and Sumerian myths.  We really haven’t gotten there yet – and that is OK. That is so cool.

Paul: That’s Lloyd’s fault:-)

Jerry: I like it!  Now as part of your investigation you came across the Gurdjieff Work - Can you tell us about? Tell us as our listeners might not know George Gurdjieff was. And How did you stumbled into his teaching?

Lloyd: Yeah, well I can't honestly remember how I actually got there originally. I think it was through a friend of mine who contacted somebody else. In those days we were in Toronto and this woman had come from New York. It seemed like a long ways away. Somehow or other she was making some kind of sense about at what kind of questions we were able to ask. And that woke up chord in me that made me say, “I need to follow up questions like this.”  This is really interesting to me.

Jerry: What kind of questions? Like on your true nature and stuff – or your true self?

Lloyd: Yeah, what is my true nature? I mean it may not be answerable but the question is terribly important. How do I even ask the question intelligently? I don't know where to go from there - Paul?

Paul: Well for me one of the concepts in the Gurdjieff Work is the multiple “I’s”. It’s the first time that I encountered the many I’s in me. You know, just some of those insights allow you to see yourself in a different way. There is no going back once you encounter the multiple I’s. And you see that your appetites aren’t in line with the mind/brain thing that we're taught to trust. So the body, emotions and sensations dichotomy really contributed to this life-long striving to understand who I am or maybe it's more what I'm what I'm not.

Jerry: Paul are you involved in the Gurdjieff Work too?

Paul: I have been over time. I’ve certainly the read books and its still a main topic of discussion. So we all have to find our own way and those ways are different but I think they all have to contribute to our own development.

Lloyd: Well you do know that certain personalities fit with you and certain others don't. And that's really a consideration when you get into things like The Work. What about particular people’s points of view can contribute to your understanding and what seems to block it. How do you know that this guy knows anything? How do you get to agree with this someone about what is happening? I mean in you. There's seems to be no proof for anything.

Paul: Just direct experience.

Lloyd: Yes - direct experience.

Jerry: So how do you discern the real from the truth from the false? Is it completely intuitive? I'm trying to draw words out of people but yeah it's fair game to say “well you don't have to express it - a just do it.”

Lloyd: Well you do have to try to express and then you rerun up against something that you can’t express somehow. So what does this do? What does it raise for you? And it seems to me that it all comes back to saying “Well I guess it's up to me.” Where does it all arise in me? This must have happened because of my experiences. Is it beyond myself? What is spirituality? We use that word occasionally when we dare, but do we have any what it means?

Jerry: I don’t know. We can go back to the guys 10,000 years – they probably knew. We lost it.

I think we lost it when we started growing wheat and grains and stuff.

Paul: You have to be careful to not answer questions that you don’t know the answer to.

Jerry: I know the answer buddy:-)

Lloyd: Well as I started to say at one time in the interview earlier, the business of being beyond anything I could describe was what came to me in these adventures in the high mountains in Nepal. Where in the heck did that come from? Where does it lead me? And I don't have any answers for that.

Jerry: So to this day you don't have an answer. There is no concrete answer that you can put in a textbook.

Lloyd: No concrete answer.

Jerry: So is the not knowing - is that sufficient?

Lloyd: Sometimes it has to be – doesn’t it? The not knowing – it can’t end there. You can keep on questioning and I suppose this is why you keep on doing it your whole life.

Jerry: So Lloyd, it sounds like there has not really been a resolution as far as what that is what that mysteries feeling is within you?

Lloyd: No I don't think so.

Jerry: Or should there be a resolution, could there be a resolution?

Not an answer – a resolution? In same way that an emotional feeling comes about. An internal resolution of some sort.

What's the situation with something like that?

Lloyd: Well I don't know where to go from here. In a way I have to say what would be a resolution? I don't know. I mean there's no concrete answer to this. So there has to be something that's sort of out about in the far distance. I am remembering being told about a man that I admired who was dying - quite obviously. And he of course had been used to these kinds of questions and at one point he opened his eyes and he looked at the people around him and said “So that’s it” – and then he died.

Jerry: That was a resolution.

Lloyd: That is a resolution.

Jerry: That's it that's it.

Lloyd: So there's a resolution that is no resolution. There is only continued study to somehow or other one can find an enlarged view of everything you’ve known before. And that has to create a new kind of understanding. I don't know what else - I don’t know how else you handle it. Anybody any answers?

Jerry: So we what we're doing here and talking here is really what was being done again 10,000 years ago among three guys sitting together. Really no different I don't think.

I don't the different it would be any different.

Paul: I believe that I've encountered moments of more clarity I guess my life. And I know that that happens rarely and happens under certain conditions. But most my life honestly, such as now, you know yeah I know that I am talking with you – but those glimpses of something higher motivates me to keep working. Now whether the builders of Gobekli Tepe or the pyramids what that meant to them? They were highly motivated individuals not interested in food or the common interest in life but something must have motivated them to build a fantastic structure - if I can tap into that striving? I don't think there is an any answer for the where, the why, the ultimate but right now I can try to be just a little bit more conscious here as I sit talking to you. And tomorrow I can try just a little bit more conscious. And it is not additive unfortunately - or we would all be saints. I just come back to that memory of something higher - come back to the fact that I have to keep working on it and maybe on our deathbed we will have that glorious moment that can't be harmed.

Jerry: Lloyd are you pretty active in the Gurdjieff Work?

Lloyd: Well I am. It is a hierarchical system and one is always looking for a leader. And so in the early days I ran into a man who is said to be a son of Gurdjieff and I thought “Well this is as high as I can go surely.”  And I said to him “I think that I am able to understand what you're saying. Is it but because we are the same type?” So it’s a matter of type.   I don't know how we go any further than that. We're trying to explain but by explanation we are trying to put it in terms that we ordinarily use.  And that's not in it.

So how can one say “Well I don't know - there's something I don't.” And be sure of that. It is not so easy, but it is possible to ask – to continue to ask questions and I support that's the nature of life.

Paul: The Gurdjieff Work is called The Fourth Way because it balances three other ways: the way of the yogi, the monk and the fakir.

Lloyd: That's a good expression all right. I mean there is an intellectual way and there is an emotional way and there is a sensation way but there's something else and that is at the base of this stuff that we ask questions about. There is no final answer to that surely, but there is a need for keeping on asking the questions that opens up something in you.

Paul: Right.

Jerry: And you found through the Gurdjieff Work some way of organizing your perceptions of this mystery, this unknown - some discipline in regard to it.

Lloyd: It gives you a chance to ask yourself questions The big question really is “Who am I?” That allows you to ask questions “Well I can appeal to the stars. I can appeal it to ancient times I can appeal to something faraway.” But it is something that I have to come to myself because it has to be in me if there this is an answer to be found. I don't know where and when anyone can go beyond that.

Jerry: Beyond their own experience.

Paul: “Who am I?”

Jerry: Yeah and again just to repeat what you did then is to take that personal experience and then find a discipline for investigating it within the Gurdjieff Work.

Lloyd: Yeah it appears.

Jerry: And everyone can do that. Nor everyone has to go to the Gurdjieff Work. There are all kinds of paths and teacher and organizations.

Lloyd: Yeah that's right.

Jerry: Yeah, but a person has to find out is right for them by seeing or finding something or someone that resonates with your temperament – like you found.

Lloyd: This is the point. What else can one do?

Jerry: Like you two guys found together.

Paul: Yes you can say that.

Jerry: Yes, I guess you can say that - 40 years of working together.

Lloyd: We seemed to have found something that keeps us from being at each other's throats all the time.  

It doesn't replace these other needs but it does contribute to our resolve to write and think about these things and keep on exploring.

Paul: And sense our bodies and try to observe our emotions.

Jerry: And that's something anyone can do right here right now.

Lloyd: Absolutely.

Jerry: You’re just yourself. You don’t have to run out to a meeting or run out somewhere. You can just sit on your couch or your car seat.

Lloyd: You don’t have to go anywhere. But sometimes you have to go all lot of places to discover that.

Jerry: Yeah you might have to but who knows. I think if you just follow maybe what's choiceless within you. Its like what do you have to do? Not what it would be nice to do. Not like take a vacation, but what is it that you have to do?

Lloyd: No it doesn’t have anything to do with a vacation.

Jerry: But not so with you guys And I don't even have to ask, but your work is kind of choiceless. This is you have to do. You might think that there are some aspects that would be nice to do. Take a trip here or there. But by and large, on the whole, it's like this is your investigation - you're way.

Paul: And we could've done it individually. I could've done it individually. So much is based on knowing you.

Lloyd: No you actually need someone to two bounce ideas off and get something back because we get so deeply into ourselves that we think we understand something. It doesn't take much for somebody else to come along and point out “Oh yes, forgot about that.”

Jerry: It is the problem again. I think trying to talk about whatever you put yourself out on a limb. You put your head out there. When you say anything it's always limited so someone will come along and chop your head up.

Paul: Or sometimes they’ll say “Yes, you are seeing something.” You are.

Jerry: You are.  There are going to be people who when you're saying something are going to say that you're seeing something but you could've said this too.

And that’s the Spiritual game. I wonder if they played that there in Gobekli Tepe – or whatever they called it. They probably called it New Jersey. What do we know? We don’t know that they called it.

Lloyd: But it has been fooling around for a long time.

Jerry: Is it fascinating that only 5% of that archaeological site has been discovered? What does that imply? What’s going on in regards to size and stuff.

Paul: It took a long time the original explorer to even get any funding. It wasn't seen as of interest to the mainstream archaeology. So it took a long time just to make the case for the 5%. We are scientists and we were talking about this just yesterday in Shubie park as we walked. Scientist rarely look at where those hypothesis come up. I mean once you have an hypothesis, things roll very nicely with the testing. But where the hypothesis comes from is magical. I think the same thing with Gobekli Tepe. Who had the original ideas that this was even worth looking at? And how many more sites around the world require that advocacy to say that this is important.  Some will work out and some wont. You asked about the 5%, thank god that they discovered the 5% before I died. So I now know than I did.

Jerry: And we’ve brought it into this conversation

We’ve got to get going. We’ve got to wrap it up in a minute or so. So do you think we did what we set out to do? We didn’t talk about mythology but we talked about higher consciousness and we brought in some of the archaeology, ancient civilizations, the Gurdjieff Work. Lloyd you really kept it right on target. I liked personal experience, your own investigation to find your own way to do that and you offered tremendous teaching on that I think. I don't know if I have time but when I prepared for the show I highlighted a section of your book to read.

Lloyd: Okay

Jerry: It is kind of longish. I don’t know if I have time. I think we said everything.

I'm doing some editing as I go here. This is what you guys write in your book

We cannot help but comment on the great good fortune that seems to be ours in this age, the beginning of the twenty-first century, when such new discoveries, both external and internal, seem to be more and more frequent. We wish here to draw additional attention to the importance of maintaining the internal quiet patience that is necessary if we are to find ourselves in the sudden presence of new perceptions.

I think that's especially Lloyd what you were referring to.  You can’t express things but you can value that internal quiet patient.

Lloyd: Yeah that’s right. I’m glad we wrote that.

Jerry:  I am glad that you wrote the book. Any final words from you guys?

Lloyd: I don't think so do. Do you have any?

No, I all I can say is that the search is never-ending. So one has to make up one's own self and work for what it is.

Jerry: Thank you Lloyd Dickie and Paul Boudreau.

Paul: Thank you Jerry.

Jerry: Their book is “Awakening Higher Consciousness, Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer.” Which you can buy through the website awhico.com.

This has been non-duality talk our website is nonduality.org and you can hear a copy of the show on nonduality.org.

I’m Jerry Katz, thank you for listening.

Blog #9 from Eurasia to Göbekli Tepe - Human cultural evolution.

1.     From where have we come? It is important to the question of where are we and where we might be going in our lives? It is common to encounter the overly simple view that we were once apes in the jungle and then something odd happened which gave rise to cave paintings, pyramids, writing and then along came the Greeks who started Western Civilization. In the last blog I covered the time period from apes to physically modern Homo sapiens about 40,000 BCE. This blog continues the story of our cultural evolution.

2.     This blog highlights the recent book by Andrew Collins that does a great job of exploring the cultures that lead to the building of man’s first temple - Göbekli Tepe (often Anglicized as Gobekli)- built 12,000 years ago in Turkey. In his book he explicitly searches for a human cultural lineage for the prominent artistic components found in the Göbekli Tepe site such as:

  • A.     alignment with the stars – particularly the constellation Cygnus;
  • B.     bird culture including the vulture;
  • C.     tall, thin humanoids with elongated skull shapes;
  • D.    tanged point technology;
  • E.     snake images;
  • F.     stone carving; and,
  • G.     the fox.

3.     We start this story 40,000 BCE as the Neanderthals had died out in their homeland in Europe. By that time H. sapiens were occupying much – if not all – of the World’s land mass with humans having made their way to and through Asia to Australia.

4.     In Europe, by 32,000 to 30,000 H. sapiens are recognizable as distinct cultures based on the archaeological remains.

5.     By this time the Aurignacian culture stretched from Europe across to the Black Sea and the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean. Their production of the first 3-dimensional human figurines indicates a high level of self-awareness and they are considered by some to be the first modern human.

6.     They are credited with the creation of the fantastic cave paintings in Chauvet Cave in southern France. Amongst the many images of animals painted in the cave there is one scene referred to as “The Venus and the Sorcerer” (Figure 1).  Collins and others interpret this scene as representing a portion of the Milky Way in the area of the Great Rift and the constellation Cygnus. If this interpretation is correct, then this is the first real indication of a human appreciation of the night sky overhead. This was created at a very early stage in our cultural evolution. In keeping with Collins’ search for the lineage of the people who created Göbekli Tepe, this painting supports his Point A) for a culture with an awareness of the heavens.

7.     In particular, if the scene represents the Summer Triangle, then it represents three bird constellations: Cygnus the swan or goose, Lyra the vulture and Aquila the eagle. Them this painting also supports the possibility that this very early human culture valued high-flying birds in their connection with the higher awareness and being as required for Collins’ Point B).

8.     Potentially also included in the theme of the scene is a specific recognition of the North Star. The constellations Cygnus and Lyra encompass stars that act as North Stars as the precession of the equinoxes unfolds. The star Vega in Lyra was the North Star 14,000 BCE and Deneb in Cygnus 18,000 BCE. If the creators of image did consider the concept of a North Star, then this is further support of Collins’ Point A) concerning an early awareness of the sky and its change over long time periods.

Figure 1. “The Venus and the Sorcerer” from Chauvet Cave ca. 34,000 BCE proposed to represent the Summer Triangle, Collins (2014).

Figure 1. “The Venus and the Sorcerer” from Chauvet Cave ca. 34,000 BCE proposed to represent the Summer TriangleCollins (2014).

9.     In prehistoric Eurasia one of the driving forces influencing the cultural evolution of H. sapiens was the highly variable climate during what was associated with the last ice age. To summarize the climatic change and the various human cultures that followed the Aurignacian culture, Figure 2 shows the climatic trends from 25,000 to 8,000 years ago from data collected by the North Greenland Ice Project (NGRIP). The Y-axis is an indicator of temperature in the Northern Hemisphere for the period that is of interest to this blog.

Figure 2. Climate trends from 25,000 to 8,000 years BCE from the North Greenland Ice core Project (NGRIP). Horizontal lines along the bottom indicate the temporal extent of the various cultures dealt within this blog. The Y-Axis is a strong indicato…

Figure 2. Climate trends from 25,000 to 8,000 years BCE from the North Greenland Ice core Project (NGRIP). Horizontal lines along the bottom indicate the temporal extent of the various cultures dealt within this blog. The Y-Axis is a strong indicator of temperature.

10. Following the Aurignacian culture, the Gravettian culture is recognized in Europe as extending temporally from 32,000 to 22,000 years ago. This culture produced hundreds of Venus figurines that were transported from the east in Siberia to Western Europe. Figure 3 shows the Venus of Lespugue found in southern France and sketches of similar statuettes found at the Kostenki site in modern day Russia, 4,000 km to the east.

Figure 3. Examples of Venus figurines produced over millennia by the early human Gravettian culture. On the left is an example from Southern France. On the right are sketches of figurines found at the Kostenki site on the Don River in the east.

Figure 3. Examples of Venus figurines produced over millennia by the early human Gravettian culture. On the left is an example from Southern France. On the right are sketches of figurines found at the Kostenki site on the Don River in the east.

11. While the common occurrence of Venus figurines across the geographic distribution of the Gravettian culture is evidence of a single culture, two regional components can be distinguished: 1) the Western & Central component centered around cave sites in France and 2) the Eastern component with large communal building sites such as have been found in modern day Russia. Differences between the two components include the animals they hunted with the eastern component hunting large mammals such as mammoths while the western component hunting smaller mammals, mainly reindeer. In the west they lived in caves, while in the east the lived in large group houses (http://www.donsmaps.com/lioncamp.html).  

12. Looking at the eastern component of the Gravettian culture, from 29,000 to 25,000 years ago there was a variant called the Pavlovian centered in Northern Austria and Southern Poland (http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/postgravet_a.htm). Their existence provides support for Collins’ Point C) that there existed a culture of tall, fair skinned people. They used tanged points and used snake motifs in their artwork supporting Collins’ Points D) and E).

13. Collins also mentions a human population called Predmosti that existed from 27,000 to 24,000 BCE who lived in what is the present day Czech Republic who were of “large stature” and with hybrid skull characteristics of both Cro-Magnon and Neanderthals. Again this provides secondary support for Collins’ Point C) concerning a lineage of tall thin people who arrived in Turkey 10,000 years later for the building of Göbekli Tepe.

14. Also within the Eastern Gravettian culture the Kostenki sub-culture (32,000 to 19,000 BCE) occupied the banks of the Don River south of Moscow towards the eastern edge of the culture’s distribution. In support of Collins’ Points they:

  • D) used tanged point technology (Figure 4);
  • F) carved stones into animal shapes (Figure 5); and,
  • G) wore fox teeth necklaces (Figure 6).

 

Figure 4. 'Shouldered points' or “tanged points” very typical of the Kostenki toolkit. (http://www.donsmaps.com/images24/gagkostpoints.jpg).

Figure 4. 'Shouldered points' or “tanged points” very typical of the Kostenki toolkit. (http://www.donsmaps.com/images24/gagkostpoints.jpg).

Figure 5. Carved miniature feline head, Kostenki 1 (http://www.donsmaps.com/images29/lionimg413.jpg).

Figure 5. Carved miniature feline head, Kostenki 1 (http://www.donsmaps.com/images29/lionimg413.jpg).

Figure 6. Kostenki culture fox necklace (http://www.donsmaps.com/images31/img_3588vlad2.jpg).

Figure 6. Kostenki culture fox necklace (http://www.donsmaps.com/images31/img_3588vlad2.jpg).

15. Whereas the Kostenki culture appears to have died out around 19,000 BCE, further east in Siberia the Eastern Gravettian culture appears to have continued in Malta and Buret culture.  In Siberia the culture is reported to survive until 12,000 BCE (http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/postgravet_a.htm). This culture provides support for Collins’ Point E)  of a culture that used snake motifs in their art.

16.  These Eastern Gravettian cultures overlap temporally with a new culture called Solutrean that extended from 22,000 to 17,000 BCE during the last glacial maximum.

17. This Solutrean culture used sophisticated pressure flaking methods for producing large delicate leaf shaped stone points as much as 13 inches/33 cm in length and many with tanged shoulders supporting Collin’s point D) for the production of finely produced stone points such as are being found at Göbekli Tepe site.

18. The Solutrean culture also produced carved stone circa 17,000 BCE in both Roc-de-Sers and Grotte du Placard supporting Collins’ Point F) for a culture that could produce large stone carvings.

Figure 7. An example of Solutrean rock carvings from Roc-de-Sers circa 17,000 BCE (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc_de_Sers#/media/File:Sersroc_frise_10,11.JPG).

Figure 7. An example of Solutrean rock carvings from Roc-de-Sers circa 17,000 BCE (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc_de_Sers#/media/File:Sersroc_frise_10,11.JPG).

9. Continuing in the timeline, in Western and Central Europe the Magdalenian culture followed the Solutrean and extends from 17,000 to 12,000 years ago towards the end of the last ice age. They occupied an area from the Atlantic coast in Portugal in the west to the Carpathian Mountains in the east. This culture is associated with a migrating lifestyle following the herds of reindeer that moved northward as the ice retreated.

20. The Magdalenian culture produced figurative art that accurately reflects animals of the day and 3-dimensional carvings. One of the best-known Magdalenian creations are the paintings in Lascaux Caves. In the midst of many scenes and images of animals, there is one portion of the cave that contains a scene with a “bird man” and a line with bird on the top (Figure 8).

21. Some have interpreted the bird-man image as representing a shaman connecting with higher awareness through either a literal bird mask or in a bird-like state. This is seen as support for Collins’ Point B) concerning a culture that highly valued birds in their higher thoughts.

22.  Also in the scene is a line with a bird at the top. This is interpreted as representing the North Star at the time which was Deneb in the constellation Cygnus, a bird constellation. Collins suggests that the line represents the earth’s axis (axis mundui) oriented to the “bird-shaped” constellation Cygnus. Collins (2014) suggests that Solutreans may have created this image in the midst of the other Magdalenian created images. Whichever culture created the scene, its existence supports Collins’ interest in A) alignment with the stars – particularly the constellation Cygnus.

Figure 8. Lascaux image said to represent the area of the North Star that was Deneb in the constellation of Cygnus ca. 18,000 BCE (Collins 2014).

Figure 8. Lascaux image said to represent the area of the North Star that was Deneb in the constellation of Cygnus ca. 18,000 BCE (Collins 2014).

23. In Western, Central and northern Europe the Magdalenian culture was followed by a number of cultures: Hamburg (14–11 ka), Federmesser (14–13 ka) and Ahrensburg (12–11 ka) each with their characteristic tool making. But the Collins in his quest for a possible history of the Göbekli Tepe creators turns our attention to what was happening in Eastern Europe to the east of the Carpathian Mountains?

24. Taking a non-Eurocentric view, we return to the Siberian culture. There is a suggestion that this culture with its tanged points, fox artifacts and rock carvings persisted through to 12,000 BCE so as to overlap temporally and spatial with the Swiderian culture that existed 11,000 to 8,000 BCE centered in Poland (http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/postgravet_a.htm). 

25. The Swiderian culture lived through the sudden cold period at the end of the last ice aged called the Younger Dryas.  The Swiderians show similarities with the Kostenki and Solutrean culture as they all used tanged points. The typical sites for the Swiderian culture are northern Europe in Poland not too far geographically from the Kostenki culture sites. It is reasonable that they may have originated there before being forced southward in the direction of modern day Turkey with the drop in temperatures of the Younger Dryas carrying with them their cultural aspects associated with Points D) tanged point technology, F) stone carving techniques and G) valuing a connection with the fox.

26. An additional artistic component of Göbekli Tepe that may not have come from a northern European culture is the valuation of vultures. This may have come from farther south. Fifteen hundred kilometers south of the area of the Kostenki culture and in the vicinity of the Göbekli Tepe location, there is a recognized gatherer-hunter culture based in present day Northern Iraq called the Zarzian culture. It existed between 18,000-8,000 years BCE towards the end of the Kostenki culture and overlapping the existence of the Swiderian culture that is thought to have been moving south due to a cold climate. It is likely that the Zarzian made a migration from the Russian steppes in an earlier cold period around 20,000 BCE possibly taking with them some of the cultural aspects of the Kotenski peoples. In any event, vultures were of cultural interest to the Zarzian and they may have been the ones that contributed this artistic component to the work at Göbekli Tepe – Collins’ Point B).

27. Upon reviewing all of this information, Collins’ proposal for the cultural evolution and lineage that lead up to builders of Göbekli Tepe seems plausible. It is likely that the people who built Göbekli Tepe originated from the cultural evolution in the northeast on the edge of the advancing and retreating glacial ice edge between 20,000 and 10,000 BCE.  It is time to leave the Eurocentric interpretation of our early cultural development and focus more on the area East of the Carpathian Mountains. Artistic themes found in the carvings and layout of Göbekli Tepe could be seen to come from:

  • A.     alignment with the stars – particularly the constellation Cygnus – Aurignacian/Solutrean;
  • B.     bird culture including the vulture – Solutrean/Zarzian;
  • C.     tall, thin humanoids with elongated skull shapes – Pavlovian/Predmont/Swiderian;
  • D.    tanged point technology – Pavlovian/Kotenski/Solutrean/Swiderian;
  • E.     snake images– Siberian;
  • F.     stone carving – Kotenski/Solutrean; and,
  • G.     the fox- Kotenski/Siberian.

28. Collins in his book entitled “Göbekli Tepe Genesis of the Gods – the Temple of the Watchers and the Discovery of Eden“ sums all of this complex reasoning on page 300 as “. . . Yet what seems more certain is that the Swiderians, who would have reached eastern Anatolia during the Younger Dryas period, carried with them some semblance of the beliefs, practices, and ideologies that had earlier thrived among the Solutrean people of southwest and central Europe. They were also, very likely carriers of magical traditions derived from the Kostenki-Streletskaya culture, whose descendants they would have encountered as they crossed the Russian Steppes on their way to the Causcasus Mountains and Armenian Highlands. The Kostenki-Streletskaya people’ own successors most probably included the Zarzians, who had followed a very similar route as the Swiderians, southward from the Russian steppes to eastern Anatolia, as much as ten thousand years earlier. All of the these influences are interconnected and came to bear, eventually on the construction of presents Göbekli Tepe, ca. 9500-8000 BC.”

29. Collins (2014) presents Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey as a major milestone in the development of man’s creations – possibly even leading to the beginning of agriculture and our present Western Civilization. Göbekli Tepe was constructed between 10,000 and 8,000 BCE with large megalithic standing stones. It was built by a large number of gatherer-hunter individuals. It may have contributed to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry.

29. So this brings me back to the Blog #8 and the chimps, bonobo and human comparison. What is the necessary balance between our urges for food, sex, survival and higher consciousness? Survival on the edge of the glacial ice edge seems an odd place for the development of non-essential concepts and activities. Yet this may be the geographic/environmental location of the development of an awareness of our more-than-animal nature over the tens of thousands of years leading up to agriculture, settlements and eventually writing.

 

31. Footnote 1: Now it is difficult to trace out cultural evolution based on the evidence of our technology. For instance there is evidence that humans in Blombos Cave, South Africa, were using pressure flaking techniques for making sharp points 73,000 years ago. Such techniques are not seen for 1,000s of years until the Solutreans in 20,000 years ago. To get an in depth sense of the difficulty and complexity of following human cultural evolution based on the tools and technology check out this academic article: http://www.academia.edu/3598381/Quantitative_functional_analysis_of_Late_Glacial_projectile_points_from_northern_Europe. Although difficult, Collins (2014) paints an interesting picture of the connection between the Upper Palaeolithic Solutreans and the much later builders of Göbekli Tepe.

 

References:

Collins, A. 2014. Göbekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods – the temple of the watchers and the discovery of Eden. Bear & Company.

Dickie, L.M. and P.R. Boudreau. 2015. Awakening Higher Consciousness: Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer. Inner Traditions.

Ryan, C., and Jetha C. 2001. Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships. Harper.

Schoch, R. 2014. Forgotten Civilization: The Role of Solar Outbursts in Our Past and Future. Inner Traditions.

Blog #8 From where have we come? From chimps to homo sapiens.

1.     From where we have come? It is important to the question of where are and where we might be going in out lives? It is common to encounter the false view that we were once apes in the jungle and then something odd happened which gave rise to cave paintings, pyramids, writing and then along came the Greeks who started Western Civilization.

2.     Yes it all did begin with the evolution of the great apes. This occurred over millions of years through a very complex process that included isolations, interbreedings and hybridization. In general the human evolutionary line separated from our closest living relatives, the surviving chimp line, between 7 and 4 million years ago. The chimpanzee species (Pan troglodytes) are well-known in modern culture. A lesser known surviving species, the bonobos (Pan paniscus) separated from the Homo evolution line 2-4 million years ago. Present day humans are not that differently genetically from our co-existing chimp cousins. Humans share between 98.5–99.4% of their genetic code with chimpanzees and 98.7% of their genetic code with bonobos (http://news.sciencemag.org/plants-animals/2012/06/bonobos-join-chimps-closest-human-relatives).

3.     Behaviorally we can look to our living animal cousins to gain some insights into how our common ancestry reflects on how we behave in today’s world. One key distinction that sets Homo sapiens apart from chimps and all other animals is our dependency on sedentary agriculture activities for gaining our nutrition. We justify our agriculture-based system by seeing “challenges” in the life-styles of our distant chimp relatives. Much has been made of the “fight for survival” – emphasis added. But there is evidence according to Ryan and Jetha (2011) that chimps have survived for millions of years as relaxed gatherers of food without much aggression. In fact they point out that our false impression of prevalent aggressive chimp behavior has resulted from human manipulation of their feeding habits by presenting them with locked boxes brimming food. Additional lifestyle “challenges” beyond physical aggression in chimp behavior most likely results from our observation of chimps in highly artificial environments of zoos and cages. Bonobos in the wild have been seen to be playful, sexually active, relatively long-lived and non-aggressive. So humans are likely to have come from a much more relaxed and robust lifestyle of the chimps in the wild.

4.     In the evolutionary history of humans, there have been many unsuccessful hominini species that have died out over time see http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive. One thing is for certain, humanoids and chimps were primarily gathers of food for millennia - these species survived without agriculture. While the surviving chimps and bonobos continue to live that relaxed style of life in their natural habitat today, humans do not. Today most, but not all, Homo sapiens live through the graces of agriculture and highly organized societies. When and how did things change – and is it an improvement? Is a capacity for higher development – as represented in art, deliberately constructed structures, physical representations of the sun, moon, planets and stars – that is, the higher awareness - dependent on sedentary agriculture?

5.     Once the evolutionary lines began split between chimps (genus Pan) and humanoids they co-existed for millions of years in Africa. Homo heidelbergensis was the most recent humanoid ancestor identified as established about 700,000 years ago in Africa. They had a brain case equivalent to modern day humans; they were 5 to 6 feet tall, with some populations reaching 7 feet in height. There is evidence of 500,000-year-old spear points being fashioned and used by this species indicating hunting activities. They may have buried their dead. With the use of spear points, these humanoids were the first hunger-gatherers – or as Robert Schoch suggest as more correct they were gatherers-hunters as most of their nutrition likely originated from the gathering activities rather than the hunting activities. It is becoming more and more accepted that gathering-hunting is an effective life style in suitable environments (Ryan and Jetha 2011). Its persistence over 100,000’s of years is evidence of this. The West coast Canadian Haida nations are just one clear example of a present day gatherer-hunters culture establishing sedentary lifestyles and supporting a highly sophisticated culture.

6.     Returning to our evolutionary line, some of the H. heidelbergensis members managed to migrate out of Africa between 400,000 and 300,000 years ago. A number of them moved northwest into Europe and eventually evolved into the well-known Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) around 3 to 4 hundred thousand years ago in Europe. Although shorter in stature, H. neanderthalensis were more physically robust, had large brow-ridges, a slightly protruding face, and lack of prominent chin. They had a brain that was slightly larger than most modern day humans. They build complex structures for living in and hunted with sharpened points. Recent research supports their use of eagle talons to make jewelry 100,000 years ago. Studies have indicated that H. neanderthalensis survived for 250,000 years before dying out around 40,000 years ago. We share 99.88% of our genetic code with Neanderthals.

7.     While Neanderthals were living successfully through the challenges of the ice age in Europe, Homo sapiens were slowly evolving and developing from the H. heidelbergensis remaining in Africa. H. sapiens separated from the H. heidelbegensis population around 200,000 years ago coincident with the extinction of H. heidelbergensis. H. sapiens have the smallest brows of any known hominid, are taller and more graceful, and have a flat face with a protruding chin. On average H. sapiens have a brain size between the smaller H. heidelbergensis and the slightly larger H. neanderthalensis.

8.     Typical of the process of evolution, human evolution involved environmental pressures and species responses. It has been suggested that there was an evolutionary bottleneck of H. sapiens 70,000 years ago with the total population being reduced to less than 30,000 individuals – and possible much fewer. The climate was highly variable and this bottleneck may have given rise to a small population of genetically adept individuals, but we were a “species at risk” for a time. We were more or less genetically and physically modern by the end of this bottleneck.

9.     Culturally, we see the first evidence for modern gather-hunters who created art, paint and jewelry on the coasts of South Africa from 100,000 and 70,000 years ago. In Blombos Cave, South Africa, H. sapiens produced cave art, produced spear points and ocher paints. It is unclear whether these populations developed as a result of the unlimited supply of high quality marine food rich in omega-3 fatty acid, but they certainly could not be considered food limited in that environment. They had great luxury in their food sources which would free up their time for other interests and development.

10. H. sapiens made their way up through the landmass of Africa. Although it is commonly believed that they exited Africa only about 60,000 years ago, there is some evidence in the Middle East that they were on the move out of Africa more than 100,000 years ago (CBC, 2014). H. sapiens moved into Europe, Asia and the Far East as the last ice age weakened between 45,000 and 43,000 years ago.

11. As H. neanderthalensis died out around 40,000 years ago then that the two different humanoid populations co-existed in Europe for at least 5,000 years and maybe for millennia (CBC, 2014). There is strong evidence that by 55,000 there was inter-species breeding and hybridization among H. neanderthals and H. sapiens in Israel. Genetic analysis also shows interbreeding with another huminoid non-African co-habitant species Denisovan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan)  We were not that different from one another.

12. In my next blog I will explore our continued cultural evolution following Andrew Collins (2014) excellent book related to the exciting finds at Göbekli Tepe, Turkey, dated to 12,000 years ago.

 

References:

http://www.cbc.ca/greathumanodyssey/

Collins, A. 2014. Göbekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods – the temple of the watchers and the discovery of Eden. Bear & Company.

Dickie, L.M. and P.R. Boudreau. 2015. Awakening Higher Consciousness: Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer. Inner Traditions.

Ryan, C., and Jetha C. 2001. Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships. Harper.

Schoch, R. 2014. Forgotten Civilization: The Role of Solar Outbursts in Our Past and Future. Inner Traditions.

Midwest Book Review

Midwest Book Review July 2015 (http://www.midwestbookreview.com/ibw/jul_15.htm#MetaphysicalStudies):

"Awakening Higher Consciousness: Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer provides an in-depth study of ancient Sumerian, Egyptian, Babylonian and Hebrew myths and uses their cross-comparison to identify similarities in classic myths that address awakening higher consciousness. In considering creation and ancient myths as actual guideposts to higher consciousness and thinking, this approach allows for a full review of connects myths with modern thinking. The authors spent more than a year in Egypt to personally investigate the myths, so their discussions of sacred narratives offers an ample blend of personal research and impressions from the cultural traditions they survey.

Interview #5 - Podcast & transcript of Donna Seebo interview

Donna Seebo did a great interview on the book in early August. 

You can listen to the podcast at: https://soundcloud.com/paul-r-boudreau/interview-podcast-of-aug-6-with-donna-seebo .

Here is the transcript of the interview:

================================

Donna Seebo: Hello. Are you ready to travel to Egypt? Learn a bit of history? What about myths and fables that have been passed down through the millennia? Do you know where they originated from? What about the mysteries of Egypt? Oh my goodness. There have been so many publications about this and as it would turn out the more we think we know, many times we discover how little we really do know.    My guest today is Paul Boudreau. We are going to be talking about Awakening Higher Consciousness – the subtitle of this book is guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer. Sumerian culture which is so very very old. I want to welcome to the show Paul Boudreau

Paul I am so delighted to have you today because we are going to be talking about history which is one of my favorite subjects. But it is history that not very many people are acquainted with.

Paul Boudreau: Hello Donna, it a great pleasure to be on your show. You have background which fascinates me. You probably know more about Egypt than I do but I would love to contribute to the discussion and bring what Lloyd and I have written recently in our book about Ancient Egypt, Sumer, Hebrew – all those ancient cultures that we have been studying for 3, 4, 5000 years. 

Donna: Doing great. I am very fortunate to come across this book. It is quite an adventure to read.

Paul: I am glad to hear that.

Donna: Well I’ll tell you what, I think there is always something to learn and you definitely know more than I do – you and Lloyd Dickie both. Now, Lloyd is a person who has a masters degree from Yale University and a doctorate from the University of Toronto.  He is a retired ecologist and has been a former professor of oceanography and biology at Dalhousie University. He, like you, has loved Ancient Egypt. He has been involved in many different site visits. You also were an ecologist and biologist. And you have an interest in ancient myths and also on site explorations.

How did the two of you guys get together? I mean you had a lot in common, but you were from really different arenas. How did you get together?

Paul: It was totally through work. It was very practical. I needed a job to support my wife and two kids. Lloyd was looking for a young researcher to do some marine ecology so we were thrown together to do some marvelous things on the back of fishing boats cutting up fish on the Georges Bank in the middle of March. In the down time we got to talking about other things and more interesting things. This common interest came about concerning spirituality and our experiences as children. By that point Lloyd had been to Egypt several of times. I piggybacked on his interest and managed to join him a couple of times in Egypt. It has been a great ride.

Ecology is not that far from spirituality in many respects. But that might be for a different show.

Donna: I understand that. I really am thrilled when people share their knowledge about what they’ve discovered because there is so much history that we have been misinformed about. With technology today we are catching up, if that ever happens. We are catching up with the reality that there was more going on on this planet and not everyone was walking around looking like an ape and gurgling and drooling.

I really think that there is so much that we don’t know, that we are beginning to become aware – especially of ancient civilizations. A lot of this is due to archaeological digs.

Now you guys chose Egypt and Sumer. Why? Why did that grab your interest so much?

Paul: Well they wrote for the first time. Before Sumer, before Ancient Egypt, there was no writing. The thrust of our work has to do with written myth and story.  There are many other ways to convey meaning, knowledge and information. But if you look at what is actually written, what we can read, those are the two cultures that started it all. And so it was a no-brainer that if we wanted to start at the beginning of literature that is where you go.

Donna: Now you start off right at the very beginning of your book, and I am going to quote directly from it, “the Sumerian epic tale Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and Netherworld, from the third millennium BCE, more than five thousand years ago.” Now that is a long long time ago.

How were you able to determine the time frame?

Paul: Archaeology is going hand-in-hand with a lot of the work that we are now looking at in understanding ancient cultures. Even 100, 200 years ago we didn’t understand Egyptian hieroglyphics. The Rosetta Stone has to come along before we could make progress in understanding Egyptian and the Sumerian cuneiform likewise laid under the ground for centuries/millennia. In the last couple of hundred years people have really done marvelous things in understanding the language and what it means. You mentioned the internet. Both of these languages have great resources on line. For the Sumerian there is the Electronic Textual Corpus of the Sumerian Language – ETCSL. It comes out of the Oxford University. It lists all of the Sumerian literature with the words and the translations.  So anybody can go on their computer and read things that we really didn’t have a clue what it meant a couple of hundred years ago. So this field of study is so new and there is still so much to learn.

Donna: Myths – they are magical as far as I am concerned. Most people are very familiar with the Greek stories, the Roman stories. But these myths actually have a basis in Mesopotamian Egypt and you state in your book that these myths have been distributed to Europe and the European environment as we know it. It was distributed by the Hebrews as well as the Greeks. I think it is very hard sometimes for individuals to realize that number one there was a global economy that was in place when the Sumerians were around and number two, all of these cultures were blooming and exchanging information.  And that these stories were carried by sailors who were considered scholars.

So lets go intohow you found out about these early early myths and what made you decide to really get into the guts-of-it so to speak? 

Paul: I think both Lloyd and I have to go back to our youngest age. We were raised in North America and exposed to Christian myths and fairy tales and whatnot. By the time I was in my mid-twenties years ago, I wont say how many, we both shared the sense that we had heard these stories, but they just sounded ridiculous. You know, naked people running around the garden with a talking snake. Why would that myth have persisted and have been so important that I was told about as a young person in the 1900’s? We both shared a sense that there had to be more. It is fine to be entertained and amused, but there had to be more to these myths.

We encountered a number of excellent books early on. One is “Hamlet’s Mill” which some of your listeners might be aware of. They were at that time looking at what kind of information can be carried in a myth or a fairy tale or whatever. The more we looked, the more evidence there was that they do contain real information. Sometimes there is information about a volcano exploding, sometimes is a foreign takeover by another culture, but if you look at it in the right light, there was always something deeper than just entertainment.

Now our interest of course was spirituality and personal development so we looked at both Egyptian and Sumerian as what kind of stories are they telling us about “me” right now as I read it in 2015. The more we probed from that side, the more it became apparent that yes there are lessons in this 5,000 year old stories that relates to me now and gives me a language, a vocabulary, that helps me understand some of the things that I have to see in my life. They point to additional things that I have to learn as I continue to live.

Myths have many levels to be looked at, to be seen at. Some of them can be seen as just an entertaining story such as two giants fighting. But there are other things that with a bit of effort, a little bit of preparation, become available to us as readers, people interested in development.

Donna: There is a statement in your book where you feel that the wealth of material, new information, that you and Lloyd have discovered allows people to not only look at the past, but it offers assistance and wisdom for todays life. There is a big concern on the part of both of your about the loss of what you perceive as spiritual values. And of course this is an old, old story. This was being talked about 5,000 years ago and it is those myths that have come forward and distributed among many different cultures, and that’s why you hear the same story, maybe in different costuming, but the essence of it is still the same. They have been carried forward for good reason. Because there is something that is solid in there.

You say that this is the basis of civilization. This what encourages people to move forward and not to go back to the dark ages.

Paul: Most, if not all, of what we deal with are somehow related to creation. Creation myths are often seen in the physical world as trying to explain how the earth came about. We look at creation in all the various cultures that we deal with as descriptions of that moment of awakening. The moment of something coming out of nothing. Something organized coming out of the void or chaos. We do see this as the story of us as humans awakening to our potential.  So we are not as you said drooling running around clubbing each other but we actually have an awareness of who we are. And we can see ourselves as different from our environment or our biology or our for that matter our emotions which “run ragged” on us.

We look at the stories of creation as creation of ourselves as individuals. If you don’t wake up to that, I can see that there is not much future. Progress and appetites will continue to drive you. That is the crux of our present day challenge. How do we waken up to ourselves and our potential that is more than just making money or driving the biggest car?  I think we have to return to that as we look forward and figure out how we marshal our intelligence, our resources, our physical resources, our economic resources. It has a huge impact on where we are going to be 20, 50, 100 years from now.   

Donna: That is true. I also think that what you have just addressed applies to cultural environments that are still in the Middle Ages. Cultural positionings and attitudes that we are seeing that have to go. They don’t fit anymore. Its like a 1950’s girdle that a women 55 that is trying to put on and she doesn’t have the figure of a 13-year old that was maybe wearing it. I know that is a bit of a ridiculous example but I think that is what is happening in today’s world. I think that people such as yourself and Lloyd are trying to assist in people understanding that the human race has gone through this scenario more than once.

I was intrigued by some information you put in your book. You said only – and by the way for those who are listening, the book is “Awakening Higher Consciousness: Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer” the Sumerian people lived in that part of the world.

In the past 25 years you said that it has become widely known that the fragments of writing found at Amarna from the reign of Amenhotep IV who was more known as Akhenaten in the 18th Dynasty of Egypt contain snippets of the Babylonian versions of the early Sumerian story of Enkidu’s Descent to the Underworld. Who knew? In the last 25 years we have just figured that out?

Paul: Exactly! That is what I was saying about language. We have not been working on them for very long – not much time. We tend to break things up and lump. You are either an Egyptian specialist or a Sumerian specialists and we are not encourage to bridge that gaps.

The same thing with the Sumerian. When people lump the Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian cultures together as one culture, but they are separated by two thousand years. The Sumerian writing that began 3,000 BCE – 5,000 years ago – was written down 1,500 years before the Babylonians got into it.

I am grateful that the Babylonians did carriy those stories on, but 1,500 years is a long time to modify a myth if you will. In the book we try to look at the early Sumerian writings but we also try to see how it evolved as it came down through the millennium through the Akkadians, through the Babylonians, through the Hebrew to ourselves. You can still see the nugget, but you are better off by having exposure to these various, not interpretations, but various representations of the myths. I think that it is part of the prep. work to see how it has come down. The nugget is certainly still there, but to lump the Sumerians who were a non-semetic with the Akkadians who were Semitic and lived slightly differently. Even if we look at ourselves and look back 2,000 years to the “time of Christ”, we are quite a different people. We have quite different resources. So that is all part of it – to try to get sense of what, where, how these myths were created and passed down. There is still so much to learn.

Donna: The 10 commandments you found were in the writings of the Egyptians and the Sumerians. Now that I thought was extremely interesting. We’re going back 5,000 years and here we have thought that it was primarily associated with the Jewish people and the story about them leaving Egypt. But it went back so much further. So we have these adaptations through the centuries that I find most intriguing but a lot of people don’t even want to look at that.

Paul: That’s right. I don’t know what they are afraid of. I am encouraged to know that these thoughts, these values have been around for so long. I think that gives good weight to these important issues that we have to keep in mind.

It is amazing to us that they were captured in the very first literature that was ever written by man – ever written by humans. It is incredible! We generally think of progress where you start off small and you build on it, but at the very first moment that literature arrived, these values were being captured and we feel that this shows the importance of these values even for the Sumerians, even for the Egyptians. If they were going to write about something, they weren’t going to write necessarily about how many ears of corn they ate that morning. They were going to write about real things that they knew they had to protect. We’re still living with those values and learning what those values mean. It is quite a story.

Donna: Yes it is and the Hebrews have such a significant positioning in this because they’re the ones that the Christians adopted a lot of information from, the Muslims adopted a lot of information from. It always amazing me how someone will say “I am this way.” and “I’m the other way.” when you’re all related. Why in the world can’t you get along for heaven’s sake. Do you really understand your history? Do you understand the links? And most of them don’t. They’ll sit in a state of denial until the “cows come home.” And they don’t even have cows so you know how long that’s going to take. It’s amazing.

Paul: Yes, they’ll argue about fine details, but not recognize that they all came down from Abraham who was a Sumerian or grew up in the area of Sumer. It doesn’t make sense to me. 

Donna: Its just really fascinating.

Now we go into you accept the properties of number. How is that important in a lot of these stories?

Paul: It gets back to creation. We are now taught and we use number from an engineering point of view or a counting point of view. But the early Egyptians looked at number as carrying a lot of basic information about the way we look at the world that we don’t understand or don’t give credit in the present day world.

A lot of what we have encountered has come down through the Greeks. A lot of people don’t realize that all of the great Greeks, or most of the great Greeks, were taught by Egyptians. That is where they got their learning. And somehow the number, the values of number, didn’t get translated very well from the Egyptians to the Greek culture.

You can count zero, one, two, three, but in terms of creation it is a very powerful moment or very powerful thought to think about a one, a unity, a whole dividing and having two sides. Think of the Yin/Yang symbol, I’m sure that you know that one. It is one symbol, one circle, but there are these two movements, these two tear drops that suggest movement within them. That is just one example of how numbers to be seen at different levels from counting. It is a bit of magic how that sort of creation happens. How you move from one thing to another. I think that’s important whether its a cell in biology dividing to give way to new life or whether it’s a “Paul Boudreau” trying to see who I am in the world.

Donna:  The Epic of Gilgamesh is very very old. And you say that it is a story that is parallel to the story of Odyssey on his journey which is powerful. There have been movies made about the story.

But this is an old story of humanity. And it has been costumed differently with each successive century – whichever culture picked it up and costumed it in the culture of their times. It is quite a powerful story because it covers so much in the various levels of human maturation.

Paul: A lot of the creation myths that we talk about have to do with a journey, a quest or something. Gilgamesh was the first journey myth that was written down. There is a lot of fascinating stuff that goes on in the Gilgamesh myth. The one that I still enjoy and brings a smile to my lips is that this is a demigod who should be happy and he has challenges, he has to find a life-mate in Enkidu. They do great things but ultimately Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh goes on to find the key to his immortality. And without getting into the whole story, at the end, Gilgamesh has this flower in his hand that he has gone a whole lifetime of work to get ahold of. It is his lifetime quest. He has the flower and he lies down by a pool and goes to sleep and a snake steals it away from him. It brings a smile to my lips because that is a great description of my own intentions in terms of how often I want to learn, or lose weight or if I want to become conscious at the moment. That whole description of me saying “Oh I’ve worked hard enough, I am just going to take a little break.” And then when I wake up I am back to square one again I find that I have lost everything.

That is just one example of how we’ve enjoyed the Gilgamesh myth in terms of describing things that I still encounter on a daily basis. If I couldn’t laugh I would probably cry at how many times I fall asleep in the run of a day when I am faced with some real progress.

This whole journey that was captured 5,000 years ago is just a delightful tale that deserves to be retold and recaptured as we go along.

I think it is similar to what we found in the Egyptian with the journey of the soul through the Duat or Netherworld. It’s a common theme that describes our lives. There is still so much more that we could in them.

Donna: In Egyptian culture awakening of the higher consciousness self was very important. Now I am using our words for today when I say that. But it is something that has intrigued people because when the tombs were discovered they found that there were basically two kinds of language that the Egyptians used. One which is visual which is absolutely amazing to look at. And the other is actually their language. And these two complement each other and it took quite a while before people put the two of them together. Didn’t it?

Paul: Yeah they used architecture, they used drawings, they used language. One of the things that we get into in the book has to do with the common perception that most of Egyptian culture was funerary – that most Egyptians were concerned with funerals and death. But just like our culture, the Egyptians built tombs, absolutely they built tombs and they were marvelous. But they also built temples for celebrating as we would do churches. And they also did pyramids, which, we are still trying to figure out exactly what the pyramids. But we have to be careful not to lump all of the Egyptian culture together in terms of funerary culture. We find many instances of literature that is uplifting and useful to the living soul as The Bible or Hebrew. Its just that the early explorers had a certain perspective. They saw everything through a lens of “people burying people.” We are quite convinced that there are other aspects.

The pyramids are fabulous but I don’t see much evidence at all that they were used as tombs. It is much more likely that they were used as places of instruction and initiation.

The whole “Book of Coming Forth by Day” which most people call “The Book of the Dead” – The Book of Coming Forth by Day is all about coming out into the light. It is a much more powerful title than the Book of the Dead. Looking at it that different way helps one explore these images and language in a more useful way than thinking that these are “just about dead people.”  We do a great disservice to the Egyptians by not seeing them as alive and interested in spiritual development and all those other things that we still struggle with today.

Donna:  Oh yes! And one of the things is that they loved their animals. There is so much that again we are just beginning to get a grip on because of those as archaeologists are willing to explore – people like you and Lloyd.

I am just so interested in this book “Awakening Higher Consciousness: Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer”.

Paul its just a fascinating read. I know that we are just about out of time, but I would like to give a paragraph to my listeners that is in your book that I think sums up nicely what is the point of your publication. “The Sumerian and Egyptian myths directly influenced the Judaic culture and formed the bases of some Old Testament stories, which, in turn, influenced present-day Western culture. That is, we in the West can trace our cultural roots directly to myths written down some 4,500 years ago! But the challenges modern societies face lie in understanding what these myths are telling us and determining how we can make use of them in our everyday life to awaken our higher conscious.”

What a fabulous paragraph! Very well said.

Now you have a website Paul Boudreau and it is awhico – A like Adam, W like Walter, H like Henry, I like Ida, C like Charlie and O – I really felt like I had to spell tht out - .com. Awhico.com and what are people going to find there?

Paul: We’ve written a few blog postings since the book came out. All the photos from the book are there in color on the website. There are links to Facebook and Twitter. If people do a Google search for “Awhico” they’ll find that we have a Linkedin site, Facebook, Twitter and we’d love to hear from people and get their feedback.

We also post upcoming events and opportunities where we will be speaking with other people. So there is lots of stuff on line and we would love to hear from people.

Donna: I think it’s a delight and I love the photographs in your book. I think they are marvelous!

Its just a great read! History is fabulous and we are also going to learn new things about history because as we become educated and investigate more and more and not take for granted what people in the past have said, we are going to be surprised how so many of these cultures, these peoples that we are descendent from one way or another had a richness that we still carry forward today. I think its marvelous.

Paul Boudreau, thank you so much for being my guest today.

Paul: Thanks you so much Donna. Maybe we will get to talk again?

Donna: Yes sure – let me know when you come out with your next book.

Paul: I will indeed – thanks so much.

Donna: Your welcome. This is Donna Seebo. Please check out awhico.com. The book is “Awakening Higher Consciousness: Guidance from Ancient Egypt and Sumer”.

We are in an absolutely amazing time period because we are seeing so may amazing things that links us to ancestors that had to go through much of the same stuff that we are going through today. I call it stuff because as human beings have to go through these repeat performances. So maybe, just maybe, there is going to be a wakeup call when people are going to realize that we can do things differently. We can be aware. That there are opportunities available to us to make this world and this life even better than it is today.